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HAGAHA BEERASHADA
BASASHA
Tilmaame Dhammaystiran oo Casri ah
Diyaarinta Dhulka | Waraabka | Cudurada | Nafaqaynta
Ujeedada Buuggan:
Buuggan wuxuu loogu talagalay beeraleyda Soomaaliyeed si ay u kordhiyaan wax-soo-saarka basasha iyagoo adeegsanaya habab casri ah (Scientific Methods).
Bogga 1
1. Noocyada Basasha (Varieties)
Doorashada nooca basasha waa furaha guusha. Deegaanka Soomaaliya waxaa ku habboon noocyada u adkaysta kulaylka.
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Red Creole
Waa nooca ugu caansan Soomaaliya. Midabkiisu waa guduud mugdi ah. Aad ayuu ugu adkaysan karaa kaydinta (Shelf life) iyo cudurada.
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Bombay Red
Waa basal guduudan oo xajmi ahaan waawayn. Waxay ku baxdaa muddo gaaban (90-110 maalmood). Aad bay suuqa uga socotaa.
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Texas Grano (White/Yellow)
Waa basal cad ama jaalle ah. Dhadhankeedu ma kulula (Mild). Waxay u baahantahay dhul qabow yar leh, badanaa laguma beero meelaha aadka u kulul.
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Spring Onion
Basasha Cagaaran ee aan samayn guluubka wayn. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa saladhka, waxayna ku baxdaa 45 maalmood.
Wareegga Nolosha Basasha
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Abuur (Nursery)
4-6 Todobaad
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Beerid (Transplant)
Maalinta 1aad
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Guluubaysi (Bulbing)
Maalinta 60aad
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Goosasho
Maalinta 100-120aad
Bogga 2
2. Diyaarinta Dhulka & Waraabka
Basashu waxay u baahantahay carro jilicsan, oo si fiican loo falay si xididada ay si fudud ugu dhex socdaan.
Tallaabooyinka Diyaarinta:
- Falidda Hore: Dhulka waa in lagu falaa cagaf ama gacanta si qoto dheer (30cm) si loo burburiyo dhadhaabta.
- Simidda: Dhulka waa in la simaa (Leveling) si biyuhu u wada gaaraan.
- Samaynta Bed-ka (Raised Beds): Waa in la sameeyaa caro-tuur jooggeedu yahay 15-20cm, balacuna yahay 1 mitir. Tani waxay ka hortagtaa biyo fariisiga.
Nidaamka Drip Irrigation-ka (Dhibic-dhibic)
Habka ugu fiican ee basasha loo waraabiyo waa Drip Irrigation. Waxay badbaadisaa biyaha iyo nafaqada.
Naqshadda Drip Line-ka (Bed-ka 1m)
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| Qiyaasta |
Fogaanta |
| Fogaanta geedaha (Plant spacing) |
8 cm - 10 cm |
| Fogaanta khadadka (Row spacing) |
20 cm - 25 cm |
| Tirada khadadka halkii Bed |
3 ama 4 khad (Drip lines) |
Bogga 3
3. Xanaanada (Nursery)
Basasha toos looma beero (Direct seeding) badanaa, waxaa lasoo mariyaa xanaano (Nursery) muddo 4 ilaa 6 todobaad ah.
🌱 Diyaarinta Xanaanada
- Dooro meel nadiif ah oo aan harimo lahayn.
- Ciidda ku qas digada xoolaha oo qudhuntay (Manure).
- Abuurka ku ruc 1cm qoto dheer.
- Ku dabool caws khafiif ah (Mulch) ilaa uu ka soo biqlo.
Kala Wareejinta (Transplanting)
Marka geedku yeesho dhumuc la'eg qalin rasaas (Pencil thickness) iyo dherer 15cm, waa la wareejinayaa.
Digniin: Ha wareejin geedka xilliga qorraxdu aadka u kulushahay. Samee galabkii ama aroortii hore.
| Tallaabada |
Sharaxaad |
| Goynta Xididka |
Iska jar xididada dhaadheer, reeb kaliya 2cm. |
| Goynta Caleenta |
Iska jar 1/3 caleenta sare si geedku uusan biyo badan u dhicin. |
| Waraabka Hore |
Waraabi dhulka ka hor inta aanad beerin. |
Bogga 4
4. Jadwalka Waraabka
Basashu xidido gaagaaban ayey leedahay, sidaas darteed waxay u baahantahay biyo joogto ah laakiin aan badnayn.
💧 Marxaladda 1aad (0-30 Maalmood)
Geedku wuu yaryahay. Waraabi maalin dhaaf (Every other day). Ha ogolaan in carradu qalasho.
💧 Marxaladda 2aad (30-60 Maalmood)
Xilliga korriinka caleenta. Waraabi 2 ilaa 3 jeer todobaadkii iyadoo ku xiran cimilada.
💧 Marxaladda 3aad (60-90 Maalmood)
Xilliga Guluubaysiga (Bulb formation). Biyaha waa in la joogteeyaa si guluubku u weynaado.
🛑 Marxaladda 4aad (Goosashada)
Jooji waraabka 10-15 maalmood ka hor goosashada. Tani waxay caawisaa in basashu ay qalasho oo ay raagto (Curing).
Calaamadaha Biyo Yarida
- Caleemaha oo noqda cagaar-cawlan (Grey-green).
- Caleemaha oo duubma.
- Guluubka oo yaraada ama laba noqda (Splitting).
Bogga 5
5. Nafaqaynta (Fertilizers)
Basashu waxay aad ugu baahantahay Nitrogen, Phosphorus, iyo Potassium.
| Waqtiga |
Nooca Bacriminta |
Faa'iidada |
| Xilliga Beeridda |
DAP (Di-ammonium Phosphate) |
Waxay xoojisaa xididada si geedku dhulka u qabsado. |
| 3 toddobaad kadib |
UREA / CAN (Nitrogen) |
Waxay dedejisaa korriinka caleemaha cagaaran. |
| 6 toddobaad kadib |
NPK (oo badan Potassium) |
Waxay caawisaa in guluubka basashu uu weynaado oo miisaan yeesho. |
| Micro-nutrients |
Zinc, Sulphur |
Sulphur-tu waxay basasha u yeeshaa dhadhanka basbaaska leh (Pungency). |
Fiiro Gaar ah:
Haddii aad isticmaalayso Drip Irrigation, isticmaal bacriminta biyaha ku dhex milanta (Soluble Fertilizers) oo dhex mari tuubooyinka (Fertigation).
Bogga 6
6. Cayayaanka Khatarta ah
Cayayaanka ugu badan ee basasha dhibaatada u geysta Soomaaliya.
1. Thrips (injir)
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Calaamadaha: Waa cayayaan aad u yar-yar. Waxay dhecaanka ka dhuuqaan caleenta, taasoo keenta in caleentu yeelato dhibco qalin ah (Silver patches).
Xal: Isticmaal sumaha sida Confidor ama Abamectin. Buufi xilliga qabowga.
2. Cutworms (Diir)
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Calaamadaha: Waxay jartaa jirridda geedka yar xilliga habeenkii. Aroortii waxaad arkaysaa geedka oo dhulka yaala.
Xal: Ku shub agagaarka geedka sunta Chlorpyrifos ama gacanta ku gur haddii dhulku yaryahay.
3. Onion Maggot (Dirxiga Basasha)
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Calaamadaha: Dirxigan wuxuu cunaa guluubka hoose, taasoo keenta in geedku huruud noqdo oo dhinto.
Xal: Wareegga dalagga (Crop rotation) samee. Ha ku celin basasha isla meeshii hore.
Bogga 7
7. Cudurada Basasha
Cudurada badankoodu waa Fangas (Fungal diseases) ka dhasha qoyaanka badan.
Purple Blotch
Astaamaha: Dhibco guduudan oo biyo ah ayaa kasoo baxa caleemaha. Caleemaha way jajabaan.
Daaweynta: Mancozeb ama Ridomil Gold.
Downy Mildew
Astaamaha: Caleemaha oo yeesha cawl (fungus) xilliga qabowga iyo dhtaxa. Geedku wuu yaraadaa.
Daaweynta: Metalaxyl.
Pink Root
Astaamaha: Xididada ayaa noqda casaan, geedka ma qaadan karo nafaqo.
Daaweynta: Daawada carada lagu shubo (Soil drenching) ama abuurka oo la daaweeyo.
Neck Rot
Astaamaha: Luqunta basasha ayaa jilcda oo qudhunta, gaar ahaan xilliga keydinta.
Daaweynta: Si fiican u qallaji (Cure) basasha ka hor inta aanad keydin.
Bogga 8
8. Maareynta Sumaha
Isticmaalka sunta waa inuu noqdaa mid xisaabsan si loo ilaaliyo caafimaadka dadka iyo deegaanka.
Jadwalka Buufinta (Tusaale)
| Xaaladda |
Nooca Sunta (Active Ingredient) |
PHI (Maalmaha sugitaanka) |
| Thrips / Bar-baro |
Acetamiprid / Imidacloprid |
7 Maalmood |
| Fangas Guud |
Mancozeb |
14 Maalmood |
| Diirta |
Lambda-cyhalothrin |
7 Maalmood |
⚠️ Badbaadada Shaqaalaha:
- Xiro Mask, Gacmo-gashi iyo ookiyaale xilliga buufinta.
- Ha buufin xilliga dabayshu socoto.
- Fahmo PHI (Pre-Harvest Interval): Waa waqtiga u dhexeeya buufinta iyo goosashada.
Bogga 9
9. Goosashada & Keydinta
Guushaada oo dhan waxay ku xirantahay sida aad u goosato oo aad u keydiso dalagga.
Goorma ayaa la goostaa?
Basasha waxaa la goostaa marka 75% caleemaha sare ay jaalle noqdaan oo ay dhulka u seexdaan (Neck fall).
Habka Curing-ka (Qallajinta)
Waa tallaabada ugu muhiimsan si basashu ay muddo dheer u keydsanto.
- Marka aad bixiso, basasha uga tag beerta dhexdeeda 2-3 maalmood (haddii roob uusan jirin) si ay u qalasho.
- Kadib jar caleemaha adigoo reebaya 2cm luqunta ah.
- Ku faafi meel har ah oo hawo fiican leh muddo 2 todobaad ah ilaa qolofka sare uu noqdo mid adag oo sanqadhaya (Papery skin).
Keydinta (Storage)
- Ku keydi meel Hawo leh, Qallalan, oo Mugdi ah.
- Isticmaal shabag (Nets) ama sanaadiiq hawo leh.
- Ha dhigin meel qoyan si aysan u qudhmin.
DHAMAAD
Waxaan rajeynaynaa in hagahan uu noqdo mid wax-tar leh.
Nasiib Wacan!
Bogga 10
